??????? (????? ????? ??????????) ????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????? specialized ???? ?? ???, ???????? ?????: ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????, ?????? ??? ????, ?????????? ??? ????, ???? ??? ????? ????????. ?????? ?????: ???? ???????, ??? ?????, ????, ?????, ????. ????????, ?????? 15 ????????? ?????????????! ???? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????????????? ??????? ?????, ????? ?????? ?? signs ? ????????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???, ?????????? ?????? ???, ???????? ?????????? ?. ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????!

????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????

???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????????, ??? ?????, ???????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??. ??????? ????????, ??????? ?????? ??? ?? sign ? ???????? ????? ???? ????????, ??????, ?? ness ???, ?????????? ?? , ????????? ??????, ?????? ???? ?? ????.

?I. ??????:

?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????.

1. ??????: ???????? ?????? - ??????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????. ??? Mpa ??.

2. ?????? ?????? b - ??????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????. ??? Mpa ??.

3. ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???: ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????.

????. ?? ness ???:

????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????.

1. ??????: ???????? ?? ness ??? ?????; ???????? ?? ness ??? ???.???.

2. ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???: ??? ?????? ???, ????? ???? ??? ?????, ??????, ???????????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ness ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??. ???????? 450 ? ??? ??? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????????? 650 ? ??? ??? ?? hard ??? ???? ????????.

???????? ?? ness ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ened ? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???. ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????, ?????? ????, ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?. ened ? ????.

????. ?????????? ??

????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????.

1. ??????: ????????? ??? ????? - ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????.

2, ??????? ???? ??? ????? - ????? ?????????? ????, ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????.

3. ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???: ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????.

??????. ????????? ??????

???? ???? ????????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????.

1. ??????: ????????? ?????? -1

2, ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???: ????? ??? ????? ????? 10 ??? ????? ??? ?????, ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? 10 ??? ???? ??? ?????.

?V. ?????? ?? ??:

??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???????.

1. ??????: ?????? ?????? ?????? Ak; ????? ???? ?? ak.

2. ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???: ?????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?. ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?? ?. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????.

????????? ???, ??????? ?????? ??, ???, ??????????, ?????? ?????? ???, ??????????, ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? signs ? ????????? ?????, ?????? ?????, ??????, ?????? ?????, ???????? ?????, ?????, ?????? ?????, ?????, ????? ??????????, ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????? ??, ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????.

???? ????? ??? ?????:???? ???? ??? ??????; ?????? ?????? ????? ~

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